屏障隔振系统失效机理的探讨

屏障隔振是一种用来阻碍或改变外围振波向受保护区(屏蔽区)传播的工程方法，由于其机理的探讨尚不深入，工程实践中常出现隔振系统失效的现象．本假设屏障是埋入土介质的中厚弹性板，采用薄层法分析了该弹性板在振波作用下的振动响应和屏蔽区内位移变化规律；研究了影响屏障隔振效果的主要参量；发现了使屏障隔振效率降低甚至失效的入射波全透射现象．结果表明柔性屏障易发生波的全透射，并指出了避免屏障失效的措施．     

水动力质量实效施加方法及地基-筒型基础-塔筒体系的地震敏感性研究

针对海上风电结构在有限元计算中水动附加质量的施加问题,提出了一种在ABAQUS软件中简便有效易于实现的方法,可以提高有限元分析的前处理效率;建立有限元模型,分析有、无考虑水动附加质量和不同边界条件对海上风电结构自振特性的影响,并从力学角度进行分析;利用有限元模拟地震动作用下的海上风电结构塔筒响应,并对水动附加质量和边界条件进行敏感性分析。通过数值计算并结合理论分析表明：提出的水动附加质量施加方法是合理实用的;水动附加质量的施加使得结构固有频率减小,且随着阶数增大,固有频率减小的绝对值增大;边界条件对体系的模态参数影响比水动附加质量更显著,黏弹性透射边界条件下计算得到结构体系的各阶频率较固定边界均有比较明显的减小;黏弹性透射边界模型在地震动作用下的位移响应比固定边界模型大。分析结果对此类海上风电工程具有借鉴意义。     

广东流沙湾5种贝类的δ~（13）C值和δ~（15）N值研究

广东流沙湾海水养殖业发达,尤其是贝类增养殖已成为当地的支柱产业.但近年来其养殖环境的恶化对贝类产品的安全输出造成了越来越严重的影响,利用稳定同位素技术研究贝类的新陈代谢过程可为贝类增养殖提供较先进的基础数据.本研究选取流沙湾的5种重要养殖贝类,对其肌肉组织、鳃、外套膜和内脏囊分别进行稳定碳、氮同位素测定分析.结果表明,贝类δ13C值的范围是-19.14‰～-15.11‰,δ15N值的范围是6.10‰～10.57‰.从大小、组织、种类三方面比较5种贝类的稳定碳氮同位素比值,可得出如下结论：同种贝类,大小不同,其δ13C、δ15N值大都随壳长、壳重的增大而减小,但翡翠贻贝（Pernaviridis）的δ13C值和墨西哥湾扇贝（Argopecten irradians concentricus）的δ15N值则相反,无论大、小组之间δ13C、δ15N值的变化是增大还是减小,幅度均不超过1.00‰;同种贝类,组织不同,其δ13C、δ15N的最小值均为内脏囊,δ13C的最大值不定,δ15N的最大值也是内脏囊;相同组织,不同贝类,其δ13C、δ15N值的大小排列顺序各不相同,无统一规律,但华贵栉孔扇贝（Chlamys nobilis）的δ13C值均小于墨西哥湾扇贝,而马氏珠母贝（Pinctada martensii）的δ15N值均小于企鹅珍珠贝（Pteria penguin）.由研究数据可推知流沙湾双壳贝类的物质与能量流动途径基本是由内脏囊到外套膜和鳃,最后到肌肉.     

Historical tsunamis and storms recorded in a coastal lowland,Shizuoka Prefecture,along the Pacific Coast of Japan

Four sand units deposited by tsunamis and one sand unit deposited by storm surge(s) were identified in a muddy marsh succession in a narrow coastal lowland along the Pacific coast of central Japan. Tsunamis in ad 1498, 1605, 1707 and 1854 that were related to large subduction‐zone earthquakes along the Nankai Trough, and storm surges in 1680 and/or 1699 were responsible for the deposition of these sand units. These sand units are distinguished by lithofacies, sedimentary structures, grain‐size and mineral composition, and radiocarbon ages; their ages are supported by events in local historical records. The tsunami deposits in the study area are massive or parallel‐laminated sands, with associated intraclasts, gravels, draping mud layers and, rarely, a return‐flow subunit. The storm surge deposits are devoid of these characteristics, and are composed of groups of thin, current ripple‐laminated sand layers. The differences in sedimentary structures between the tsunami and storm surge deposits are attributed to the different characteristics of tsunami and storm waves.     

Possible existing seismic analysis errors of long span structures and bridges while utilizing multi-point earthquake calculation models

A long-span structure is a common type of public building, but its seismic characteristics are distinct from other types of buildings because of its long span. Calculation models considering multi-point excitation are required in the seismic analysis of long-span structures. However, correlative studies have already clearly shown that important but often overlooked errors exist in previously developed multi-point excitation calculation models. The process of establishing displacement and acceleration models for multi-point seismic analysis is reviewed. Error sources and criteria of the two models are explained using rigorous theoretical derivation. Error characteristics and distributions in multiple structural types, such as ordinary structures without dampers and damper-installed structures with concentrated damping, are also described. Modifications for multi-point excitation displacement and acceleration models, for time history and stochastic analysis, respectively, are proposed, and these modified models are used to assess errors in the conventional models. Numerical examples are solved using conventional displacement and acceleration models and two corresponding modified models. The properties, components and distribution of errors in the conventional models are demonstrated. The findings presented in this paper can provide a sound basis for the practical application of multi-point excitation calculation models in seismic analysis.     

应用稳定碳氮同位素分析法研究广东流沙湾海域白腹小沙丁鱼的营养级

对2008年5—11月采集的广东流沙湾海域白腹小沙丁鱼（Sardinellaclupeoides）进行稳定碳、氮同位素比值的测定,分析比较了5个不同体长组的差异,并以此为基础推算其营养级．结果表明,流沙湾白腹小沙丁鱼的δ^13C值变化范围为一17．61％。一15．99％。,平均值为一16．59‰,与浮游动物的δ^13C均值（一17．27％0）较为相近．其6”N值变化范围为12．73％。～15．26％0,平均值为14．03％0,比浮游动物的6”N均值（10．56％0）高出3．47％0．5个体长组的8¨c、8”N平均值没有随着体长的增大而增大．由δ15N值推算出广东流沙湾海域白腹小沙丁鱼的营养级范围为2．24～3．25,平均值为2．76,符合其主要摄食浮游动物的食性．     

用稳定氮同位素分析广东硇洲岛海域金线鱼营养级

应用稳定同位素方法测定广东硇洲岛海域的金线鱼(Nemipterus virgatus)鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团和鱼鳞的稳定氮同位素,并计算出营养级。结果表明,在规格较一致的情况下,金线鱼各部位δ15N值范围为10.09‰¹4.07‰,其中,鱼肉δ15N值范围为11.56‰14.07‰,其中,鱼肉δ15N值范围为11.56‰¹4.07‰,差值达2.51‰,平均为12.84‰;鱼鳃δ15N值范围10.41‰14.07‰,差值达2.51‰,平均为12.84‰;鱼鳃δ15N值范围10.41‰¹2.10‰,差值达1.69‰,平均为11.41‰;内脏团δ15N值范围10.09‰12.10‰,差值达1.69‰,平均为11.41‰;内脏团δ15N值范围10.09‰¹1.98‰,差值达1.89‰,平均为11.08‰;鱼鳞δ15N值范围10.10‰11.98‰,差值达1.89‰,平均为11.08‰;鱼鳞δ15N值范围10.10‰¹1.35‰,差值达1.25‰,平均为10.66‰。鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团、鱼鳞的δ15N值大小依次为:鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团、鱼鳞。由δ15N值推算出来金线鱼的营养级范围为2.4611.35‰,差值达1.25‰,平均为10.66‰。鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团、鱼鳞的δ15N值大小依次为:鱼肉、鱼鳃、内脏团、鱼鳞。由δ15N值推算出来金线鱼的营养级范围为2.46³.12,平均值为2.80,符合其主要摄食浮游和底栖动物的食性。     

透射边界-地基-风电结构地震响应与破坏模式

近海风力发电结构是由无限域地基、基础及上部结构组成的体系,有限域透射人工边界和地震动输入模式直接影响结构体系的动力响应。首先,建立透射人工边界-地基-基础-塔筒结构和固定边界-地基-基础-塔筒结构的有限元模型;然后,简要澄清了透射边界地震动输入之所以采用外力而不采取地震动物理量（加速度、速度和位移）的原因所在;最后,对给出的3种作用模式：（1）固定边界地震动输入,（2）只考虑外源输入波作用,（3）同时考虑外源输入波和内源振动的散射波作用,分别进行计算分析和比较。通过数值计算并结合理论分析,（1）澄清了对透射边界采用外力进行地震激励输入的方法的原因,这种输入方法合理可靠,符合实际情况;（2）在地震波等效荷载的生成中,针对圆形横截面地基提出了一种阻尼力、刚度力的便捷性生成方法,大大减小了工作量;（3）从自身振动特点及阻尼设置角度,解释了地震作用下采用透射边界比采用固定边界时风电结构响应减小的原因;（4）指出了地震作用下透射边界地基模型在结构动力响应与倒塌计算中内源振动反射的不容忽视性。